The phases of the earth will basically match the phases of the moon from Mars. So yes. The reason you can is the same as the reason we see the phases of the moon. Only half of the planet can be illuminated, and mars will see a profile.

space.com/scienceastronomy/earth_from_mars_030522.html says "Planet Earth is seen as a half-globe. The effect is the same as seeing phases of Venus from Earth. Like Earth's Moon, an inner planet reflects sunlight differently depending on its location in r